Preface
Part Ⅰ Historical，Worldwide and Complex Traits： Multi—Perspective Examination on the Issue of Corruption in China
1.Certainty and Unpredictability in Socialist China—No Inherent Immunity to Corruption
2.Historical and Worldwide Traits of Corruption
3.Complexity and Harm—The Essential Nature of Corruption
4.Periodic Trait and Challenge： Tendency to Corruption in China during the Transitional Period
Part Ⅱ Collective Leadership and Decision Making by Meetings： Manifestations of China's Resolution and Characteristics in AntiCorruption
1.A Clear and Long—term CPC Commitment to Fighting Corruption
2.Promoting Political Integrity： Strategic Goals and Directions in the Fight against Corruption
3.Pooling Wisdom of the Whole Party： Systems of Collective Leadership and Decision Making by Meetings
4.Upholding"Three Self—Confidences"： Combating Corruption and Upholding Integrity with Chinese Characteristics
Part Ⅲ Leaving Footprints When Treading on Stone，and Leaving Dents When Holding Iron： Making Serious Moves to Improve Party Conduct
1.The Issue of Conduct
2.Basic Conduct Improvement
3.Starting with the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee： Leading by Example from the Top
4.Vigorously Carrying Out the Program of Mass Line Education and Practice
5.Let the Public See Change and Hope
Part Ⅳ Hunting Down Both"figers"and"Flies"： Cracking Down on Corruption with Zero Tolerance
1.Focusing on Major Problems without Letting Go Minor Ones： Hitting at Both Large and Small Targets
2.Changes in Consistency： Three Historical Stages of Focus Shift in Combating Corruption
3.Advancing on the"Two Wheels"of the Law and Discipline： a Unique Characteristic of China's Anti—Corruption Legal
System
4.Building Up Capacity："Zero Tolerance"Is Merely Ensured by the Party's Own Strength
Part V'"Caging"Power with System： Preventing Corruption through Deeper All—round Reform and Systematic Institutional
Building
1.Systematic Planning and Taking the Initiative
2.Headstream Control： Prevention and Control of Risks to Clean Government
3.Enacting Rules and Regulations： Restricting and Regulating Power with Necessary Institutions
4.Reform and Innovation： Politicallntegrity through Reform
Conclusion
Marching Towards the Grand Goal of Political Integrity
Afterzvord
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Besides，there is another way to classify corruption，that is，to classify corruption into petty corruption and grand corruption in line with the ranks of the people committing the crime and the amounts of money involved，
The phenomenal expressions of corruptions are as complicated as its causes.To seek satisfactory ways to prevent and combat corruption，people have made prolonged studies of its causes，as testified by the continuous lengthening of the list of the causes.How numerous they are，the phenomena of corruption can be summarized into the single—cause theories and multiple—cause theories.Single—cause theories，literally attempt to find the sole reason or root cause accounting for corruption，while multiplecause theories attribute corruption to two or more reasons or causes.Covered in the single—cause theories are the theories of corruption of human nature，power，moral values and culture，as well as corruption in relation to modernization.
The weaknesses of human nature，such as greed，selfishness，self—interest and insatiability，constitute an important cause for corruption，one that is the earliest known and generally acknowledged.James Madison（1751—1836），the fourth president of the United States，once said，"If men were angels，then no government would be necessary.If angels were to govern men，neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary."His words reveal a basic fact that men are not angels，they are mortals； they have weaknesses which they are born with.All infamous corrupt officials throughout history are insatiably greedy，revealing to the full the weaknesses of human nature.
