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Famous Kilns in Ancient China: Cizhou Kiln
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Famous Kilns in Ancient China: Cizhou Kiln
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Author:
Wang Jianzhong
;
Language:
Chinese
Format:
28.8 x 23.4 x 1.4 cm
Page:
138
Publication Date:
05/2016
ISBN:
9787548042723, 7548042728
Publisher:
Jiangxi Fine Arts Publishing House
Series:
Famous Kilns in Ancient China
Table of Contents
第一章磁州窑概述
(一)磁州窑的地理位置
(二)得天独厚的自然环境
(三)磁州窑兴盛的历史渊源
(四)遗址情况
第二章磁州窑陶瓷的造型艺术
(一)陶瓷造型的种类
(二)陶瓷成型工艺与方法
(三)陶瓷造型的分期
(四)瓷枕的艺术
第三章磁州窑陶瓷的装饰艺术
(一)装饰的种类与方法
(二)装饰的内容与特征
(三)装饰的审美特征与文化渊源
(四)装饰的分期
第四章磁州窑陶瓷的烧成工艺
(一)窑炉的结构
(二)窑具与烧成方法
(三)烧成工艺的历史分期
第五章磁州窑陶瓷艺术的历史影响
(一)磁州窑与其他瓷窑的关系和相互影响
(二)磁州窑风格向海外的传播
第六章磁州窑陶瓷的鉴赏
第七章名品鉴赏
Sample Pages Preview
窑室主要由窑床构成,窑床呈横长方形,长2.3米,宽3.54米,前高后低,略倾斜。窑床前端是平砖顺砌的挡火墙,砖前抹0.04米厚的耐火泥,窑壁用长方形耐火砖和近方形的楔形耐火砖顺砌。前部用单层砖,后部用双层砖,厚0.19—0.43米,内壁抹耐火泥。从火膛底起0.3米处开始发券内收。后壁有排烟孔两排,下边一排较大,共10个,宽0.1~0.17米,高0.16~0.22米,上边一排较小,残存4个,宽0.09—0.12米,高0.04~0.06米。用碎砖或残破匣钵塞堵排烟孔,用来控制排烟量。
烟囱 此窑有2个烟囱,呈半圆形,各与下排的5个排烟孔相通。烟囱上部细,下部粗,径差0.27米。烟囱用砖、废窑柱和匣钵残片砌建。下部为整齐的砖,上部则利用废料砌成。
护墙建在窑壁外,间隔1米左右。外边用大块卵石和废窑具砌建,厚0.18—0.42米,里边填土。护墙的作用主要是保温和保护窑体。
这种窑炉还是半倒焰式的馒头窑。半倒焰窑的热工原理是火焰热流从火膛中升起,到顶部后再折返回窑床,从窑床后壁底部的烟火孔进入烟囱,这使得热量充分散布于窑床上放置的器物之间。半倒焰窑的一个重要条件就是窑顶应能使火焰折返,因此,必须是穹窿形顶,这种结构的窑顶,外部看上去似一个馒头,因此而得名馒头窑。磁州窑的窑炉发展承前启后,从宋代一直到王贝代,窑炉在外形上改变不大,但在内部结构上逐渐完善,耐火材料的改善与进步,从半倒焰式窑发展成全倒焰式窑,进一步提高了窑内温度,使热能利用更充分,热效率提高。这一改变过程的同时,就是以煤来做燃料。采用煤为燃料,势必要使燃煤技术不断成熟,这样才能更好地控制窑温。
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Famous Kilns in Ancient China: Cizhou Kiln
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