Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Basis of surveying
1.1 Definition
1.2 Divisions of surveying
1.3 Classification of surveying
1.4 Principles
1.5 Procedures
1.6 Systems of references
1.7 Coordinate systems
1.8 Height
Chapter 2 Error and uncertainty
2.1 Accuracy and precision
2.2 Units of measurement
2.3 Significant figures
2.4 Rounding numbers
2.5 Errors in measurement
2.6 Indices of precision
Chapter 3 Levelling
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Definitions
3.3 First-, second-, and third-order surveys
3.4 Curvature and refraction
3.5 Equipment
3.6 Principle of levelling
3.7 Sources of error
3.8 Closure tolerances
3.9 Error distribution
3.10 Levelling applications
3.11 Reciprocal levelling
3.12 Precise levelling
3.13 Digital levelling
3.14 Trigonometrical levelling
Chapter 4 Distance measurement
4.1 Tapes
4.2 Field work
4.3 Distance adjustment
4.4 Errors in taping
4.5 Accuracies
4.6 Electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)
4.7 Measuring principles
4.8 Geometrical reductions
Chapter 5 Angle measurement
5.1 The theodolite
5.2 Instrumental errors
5.3 Instrument adjustment
5.4 Field procedure
5.5 Measuring angles
5.6 Sources of error
Chapter 6 Conventional control surveys
6.1 Plane rectangular coordinates
6.2 Traversing
6.3 Triangulation
6.4 Networks
Chapter 7 Satellite positioning
7.1 Introduction
7.2 GPS segments
7.3 GPS receivers
7.4 Basic principle of position fixing
7.5 GPS observing methods
7.6 Error sources
7.7 GPS survey planning
7.8 GLONASS
7.9 European geostationary navigation overlay service (EGNOS)
7.10 Galileo
7.11 Compass (BeiDou)
7.12 The future for surveyors and engineers
7.13 Applications
Chapter 8 Curves
8.1 Circular curves
8.2 Setting out curves
8.3 Compound and reverse curves
8.4 Short and/or small-radius curves
8.5 Transition curves
8.6 Setting-out data
8.7 Vertical curves
Chapter 9 Earthworks
9.1 Areas
9.2 Partition of land
9.3 Cross-sections
9.4 Dip and strike
9.5 Volumes
Chapter 10 Setting out (dimensional control)
10.1 Responsibility on site
10.2 Responsibility of the setting-out engineer
10.3 Protection and referencing
10.4 Basic setting-out procedures using coordinates
10.5 Use of grids
10.6 Setting out buildings
10.7 Controlling verticality
10.8 Controlling grading excavation
10.9 Rotating lasers
10.10 Laser hazards
10.11 Route location
Chapter 11 Underground surveying
11.1 Optical methods
11.2 Mechanical methods
11.3 Gyro-theodolite
11.4 Line and level
References