In order to promote the development of the GEI, the Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO) has undertaken systematic researches on energy interconnection schemes at world, continent, key region and country levels since 2016. The researches have included extensive and comprehensive analysis of data and information of the global economy, society, energy, power, climate and environment, with reference from relevant strategic development plans and policies of various governments, as well as research findings from international organizations, research institutions and enterprises, according to which, advanced models, methods and tools have been applied to conduct study and outlook on the visions, paths, and key issues related to the development of the GEI. A series of research results on the GEI and Energy Interconnection of all continents have been achieved. For the first time, systematic and innovative solutions and top-level designs for global energy and power transition and clean and low-carbon development have been proposed within these research series. They have filled in the gaps within the global energy and power research field and could provide strategic guidelines for the GEI development and Energy Interconnection of all continents, key regions and countries, thus make critical contribution to accelerating green energy transition, addressing climate change and realizing sustainable human development.
Table of Contents
Preface
Summary
1 Challenges of Global Sustainable Development
1.1 Overall Status of Development
1.1.1 Economy and Society
1.1.2 Energy and Power
1.2 Development Challenges
1.2.1 Resource Shortage
1.2.2 Climate Change
1.2.3 Environmental Pollution
1.2.4 Uneven Development
2 Global Energy Interconnection
2.1 Concepts for Global Energy Interconnection Development
2.1.1 Fundamental Direction
2.1.2 Core Requirements
2.1.3 Basic Composition
2.2 Global Energy Interconnection as a Systematic Program for Sustainable Development
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3 Energy and Power Development Trends
4 Development Layout of Clean Energy Resources
5 Global Energy Interconnection Backbone Grid
6 Comprehensive Benefits
7 Key Technologies for Global Energy Interconnection Development
8 Development Outlook of Achieving 1.5 ℃ Temperature Control Target
Epilogue
Appendix
References
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Preface
Energy is intimately related to all aspects of human sustainable development. At present, the world faces a series of major challenges, including resource shortages, climate change, environmental pollution, and energy poverty, which stem from human's heavy reliance on and excessive consumption of fossil energy. Dealing with these challenges is an important and urgent task to achieving sustainable development for humanity. In essence, the core of sustainable development is clean development of which the key is to promote Clean Replacement on the energy production side, and Electricity Replacement on the energy consumption side. Clean Replacement is to use clean alternatives in energy production, replacing fossil fuels with hydro, solar, and wind energy. Electricity Replacement is to promote electricity replacement in energy consumption, replacing coal, oil, natural gas and firewood with electricity. The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI)is a modern energy system which is clean energy-dominated, electricity-centered, interconnected and shared. It is an important platform for large-scale development, transmission and utilization of clean energy resources at a global level, promoting the global energy transition characterized by cleaning, decarbonization, electrification and networking. The GEI will be able to fully implement Agenda 2030 as well as the Paris Agreement, guarantee clean, reliable and affordable modern energy for all, and realize comprehensive and coordinated development of the economy, society and ecological environment.