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The Long March of the Red Army that took place in the 1930s was a great feat in human history and a heroic epic of united struggle in Chinese revolutionary history. More than 80 years have passed since then, and the noise of gunfire and the smoke of gunpowder have disappeared, but the Long March, through a spirit forged in blood and fire, vividly reveals this truth: Once the human spirit is aroused, its power is infinite. The revolutionary heroism and dedication in face of difficulties and dangers demonstrated in the Long March have become timeless and boundless and have built an incomparable monument in human history It is the pride of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the people of China. .
However, this was not known initially as the Long March. Rather, it was a "military strategic transfer to west Hunan" to join forces with the Second and the Sixth Army Groups of the Red Army prior to launching strategic counterattacks to defeat the KMT's fifth campaign of encirclement and suppression and recover the Central Revolutionary Base. Such a shift would, of course, be short in distance. So how did the appellation "Long March" come into use? According to surviving records, the first use of the term "Long March" appears in A Nouce of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army issued in the name of Zhu De by the CPC in May 1935. After that, the strategic transfer, known as the Long March, was recorded in history as a heroic epic of the Red Army's bravery and fearlessness in united struggles led by the CPC and a great miracle in human history.
The CPC drew lessons from the failure of the First Revolutionary Civil War (1924-1927) and continued to hold high the anti-imperia List and anti-feudal banner in face of the bloody massacre by the Kuomintang (KMT) reactionafies. Leading the people and the revolutionary armed forces, they first held the Nanchang Uprising (August 1, 1927), and fired the first shots against the KMT reactionaries. Then, at its August 7th Meeting (August 7, 1927) in Hankou, the CPC Central Committee determined its general policy guideline as agrarian revolution and armed struggle. Soon after that, the CPC organized and led hundreds of armed uprisings such as the Autumn Harvest Uprising in the Hunanjiangxi border area (September 9, 1927) and the Guangzhou Uprising (December 11, 1927). These ushered in a new historical period of the CPC leading armed struggle independently and creating a people's army.
By the summer of 1930, after three years of extremely hard and bitter guerrilla warfare, the Red armies throughout China had developed from sporadic armies in uprisings to more than 70,000 people (over 10 corps) in total, and more than 30,000 local armed forces. Revolutionary bases and guerrilla areas existed in more than 100 counties in many provinces, among them Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Shaanxi.