第一讲 汉语语法的特点
The Distinguishing Features of Chinese Grammar 4
1.1 汉语语法的特点一
The first distinguishing feature of Chinese grammar / 4
1.2 汉语语法的特点二
The second distinguishing feature of Chinese grammar / 6
1.3 汉语语法的特点三
The third distinguishing feature of Chinese grammar / 7
1.4 句子结构与“的、地、得” Sentence structure and “的, 地, 得” / 9
第二讲 时点词与时量词 Time Words 18
2.1 时点词Time-when words / 19
2.2 时量词 Time-duration words / 21
2.3 几组时间词的用法 Usage of several groups of time words / 29
第三讲 方位词与处所表达
Nouns of Locality and Expressing Place 40
3.1 方位词 Nouns of locality / 42
3.2 用不用方位词“里”或“上”
Can nouns of locality “里” or “上” be used / 45
3.3 “在、是、有”与存在句 “在,是,有” and existential sentences / 49
3.4 在……上、在……中、在……下 / 50
第四讲 离合词 Verb-Object Compounds 57
4.1 离合词引进宾语的办法 V-O compounds and their “objects” / 58
4.2 离合词的用法 Usage of verb-object compounds / 61
第五讲 结果补语 Resultative Complements 65
5.1 结果补语的形式 The form of resultative complements / 66
5.2 结果补语的意义 The meaning of resultative complements / 69
5.3 专用结果补语 Special resultative complements / 71
5.4 结果补语的用法 Usage of resultative complements / 80
第九讲 “把”字句 把-Sentences 132
9.1 句子的信息安排与“把”字句
The ordering of information and 把-sentences / 132
9.2 关于“把”字句的注意事项
Special considerations concerning 把-sentences / 136
9.3 几种主要的“把”字句
Several primary types of 把-sentences / 137
第十讲 被动句 Passive Sentences 153
10.1 “被”字句 被-sentences / 153
10.2 主要的“被”字句句型
The primary sentence patterns of 被-sentences / 157
10.3 其他的被动句 Other passive sentence patterns / 159
第十一讲 定语 Attributives 165
11.1 领属关系NP中，名词性定语与“的”
Attributive noun and “的” in relative nominal phrases / 166
11.2 属性关系NP中，名词性定语与“的”
Attributive noun and “的”in NP of attribution relations / 167
11.3 时间词、处所词、方位词与“的”
Time words, place words, nouns of locality and “的” / 168
11.4 形容词性定语与“的” Adjectival attributives and “的” / 169
11.5 动词性定语与“的” Verbal attributives and “的” / 172
11.6 介词短语定语与“的”
Prepositional phrase attributives and “的” / 174
11.7 数量词定语与“的”Numeral-classifier attributives and “的” / 174
11.8 多项定语 Multiple attributives / 182
第十二讲 状语 Adverbials 196
12.1 状语的类型 Types of adverbials / 196
12.2 介词短语状语与“地”
Prepositional phrase adverbials and “地” / 198
12.3 形容词状语与“地” Adjectival adverbials and “地” / 199
12.4 数量词状语与“地”
Numeral-classifier adverbials and “地” / 203
12.5 副词状语与“地” Adverb as adverbial and “地” / 205
12.6 多项状语的顺序 Word order of multiple adverbials / 206
12.7 状语与补语 Adverbials and complements / 209
第十六讲 了 265
16.1 “了1”和“了2”的意义
The meaning of “了1”and“了2” / 266
16.2“了2”的意义和用法 The meaning and usage of “了2” / 269
16.3“了1”的意义和用法 The meaning and usage of “了1” / 275
16.4 叙事语篇里的“了2”与“了1”
“了2” and “了1”in narrative discourse / 277
16.5 “了1”的注意事项
Special considerations concerning “了1” / 284
第十九讲 动词重叠 Verb Reduplications 317
19.1动词重叠的形式The form of verb reduplication / 317
19.2 动词重叠的意义 The meaning of reduplication verbs / 318
19.3 动词重叠的用法 Usage of reduplication verbs / 319
在这四个英语句子里，都有一个介词“in”，可是翻译成汉语以后，有的句子里用“上”或“里”，有的句子里不用。那么，我们在说汉语的时候，应该怎么办呢？
All ofthese four sentences in English contain the proposition "in".However， after they are translated into Chinese， sometimes“上”or“里”is used.but some sentences do not contain either.In that case，when we are speaking Chinese， how do we know which preposition （noun of locality） to use or not to use？
这里大致有三种情况：
There are three situations：
1.“× 国／省／市／县／区／镇（zhen， town）”以及“北京、上海、东京”等地名，它们本身就能明确地表示处所，所以不需要加方位词“里”“上”。再如：
When “X 国（country）／省（province）／市（city）／县（county）／区 （district）／镇（town）”and place names such as“北京（Beijing），上海（Shanghai），东京（Tokyo）” etc.are used，it is not necessary to add“里”or“上”.For other examples：
（1）泰山在山东（省）。
（2）北京有很多大公司。
（3）我在乌（wu）镇玩儿了三天。
