Chapter 1 An Overview of China Chapter 2 Traditional Chinese Philosophy Chapter 3 Traditional Chinese Literature Chapter 4 Traditional Chinese Education Chapter 5 Traditional Science and Technology Chapter 6 Traditional Chinese Medicine Chapter 7 Chinese Festivals and Customs Chapter 8 Traditional Chinese Art Chapter 9 Traditional Chinese Architecture Chapter 10 Chinese Food Chapter 11 World Heritage Sites in China Key to Exercises Appendix Ⅰ The Timeline of the History of China Appendix Ⅱ Heavenly Stems, Earthly Branches and Sexagenary Cycle Appendix Ⅲ The Administrative Division of China Appendix Ⅳ The List of World Heritage Sites in China References
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The need to establish an official national language was felt as early as the 17th century when the Qing Dynasty established a number of "Correct Pronunciation Institutes" (正音书院) to teach standard Beijing pronunciation.6 The success of these schools, however, was extremely limited.The concept of a national language came into being around 1910.Due to the domination of the Mandarin-speak