Table of Contents

Chapter 1 An Overview of China 
Chapter 2 Traditional Chinese Philosophy 
Chapter 3 Traditional Chinese Literature 
Chapter 4 Traditional Chinese Education 
Chapter 5 Traditional Science and Technology 
Chapter 6 Traditional Chinese Medicine 
Chapter 7 Chinese Festivals and Customs 
Chapter 8 Traditional Chinese Art 
Chapter 9 Traditional Chinese Architecture 
Chapter 10 Chinese Food 
Chapter 11 World Heritage Sites in China 
Key to Exercises 
Appendix Ⅰ The Timeline of the History of China 
Appendix Ⅱ Heavenly Stems， Earthly Branches and Sexagenary Cycle 
Appendix Ⅲ The Administrative Division of China 
Appendix Ⅳ The List of World Heritage Sites in China 
References

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The need to establish an official national language was felt as early as the 17th century when the Qing Dynasty established a number of "Correct Pronunciation Institutes" (正音书院) to teach standard Beijing pronunciation.6 The success of these schools, however, was extremely limited.The concept of a national language came into being around 1910.Due to the domination of the Mandarin-speak