Details
The present book is with dual missions: firstly to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the successful prediction of the Haicheng Ms7.3 earthquake (occurred on February 4, 1975) and secondly to illustrate the part of recent practical results from the regional and international collaboration in earthquake research and disaster mitigation fostered by the China Seismic Experimental Site (CSES). The CSES is carried out by geoscientists from Chinese scientific community with colleagues abroad and international organizations. The CSES provides a principal natural laboratory to support core researches in earthquake geology, tectonic geodesy, seismology, earthquake engineering, and computational science. Researchers from different schools, different “paradigms” and different technical routes, carrying out comparative studies and collaborative experiments by the CSES and other international experimental sites help promote standardization work, including the data products, planning, quality assurance, sharing, and upgrades in the design of earthquake science and technology. Reflecting the ongoing practices of the CSES, this book highlights the scientific investigation of earthquakes, that is, the close-in contact with earthquakes shortly after their occurrence, focusing on seismogenic and tectonic environments, seismogenic structures, seismogenic fault structures, source physics, focal mechanism, rupture dynamic process, induced earthquake by hydraulic fracturing, gas emission linked to earthquake activities, earthquake anomalies monitoring and risk assessment, exploration of prediction methods, earthquake disaster characteristics and disaster-causing mechanisms, ground motion prediction, as well as state-of-the-art techniques. The readers of this book will broaden their horizons about observational, computational, and applied seismology, and earthquake physics and prediction via learning from the CSES’ practice to aid in preparedness, mitigation, and management of seismic risk.
Los Angeles, USA Yong-Gang Li
Beijing, China Yongxian Zhang
Beijing, China Zhongliang Wu
Beijing, China Ying Li
Beijing, China Xiaodong Zhang
Table of Contents
1 Scientific Investigation of Continental Earthquakes and Relevant Studies: An Overview 1
Yong-Gang Li, Yongxian Zhang, Zhongliang Wu, Ying Li, and Xiaodong Zhang
References 7
2 Crustal Deformation and Regional Seismogenic Environment Associated with the 2021 Maduo Mw7.3 Earthquake 9
Xiaoning Su and Guojie Meng
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Calculation of GNSS Velocity Field and Strain Rate Field 11
2.2.1 GNSS Observation and Data Processing 11
2.2.2 Method for Calculating GNSS Strain Rate Field 13
2.3 Characteristics of Crustal Deformation and Fault Activity of Regional GNSS 13
2.4 Regional GNSS Strain Accumulation Characteristics 17
2.5 Co-seismic Deformation Characteristics from Continuous GNSS Observations 20
2.6 Deformation Characteristics of Station QHMD in the Early Post-Seismic Period 21
2.7 Distribution Characteristics and Trend Analysis of Great Earthquakes on the Boundary Faults of Bayan Har Block 23
2.8 Conclusion 25
References 26
3 Dense Array Observation and Deep Seismogenic Environment in the Focal Area of the 2021 Maduo MS7.4 Earthquake, Qinghai, China 29
Lijun Chang, Huili Guo, Pingping Wu, Miaomiao Lu, Xuelai Cao, and Laiyu Lu
3.1 Dense Seismic Array Observation 30
3.2 High-Resolution Earthquake Catalog for the Focal Area of the Maduo Ms7.4 Earthquake Sequence Based on Deep-Learning Phase Picker and Dense Array 31
3.2.1 Workflow of Phase Picking, Association, Absolute and Relative Location 32
3.2.2 The Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Earthquake Sequences 33
3.2.3 The Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Earthquake Sequences and the Fault Morphology 33
3.3 Focal Mechanism Solutions of the Maduo Ms7.4 Earthquake Sequence and Regional Stress Field of Focal Region 35
3.3.1 Focal Mechanism Solutions 35
3.3.2 The Stress Field 36
3.4 Three-Dimensional Fine Velocity Structure of the Upper Crust of the 2021 Maduo Ms7.4 Earthquake 38
3.5 Variations of Shear Wave Splitting in the Focal Area of the Maduo Ms7.4 Earthquake 41
3.6 Conclusion 44
References 45
4 Seismotectonic Settings and Seismogenic Mechanism of the 2021 Ms6.0 Luxian Induced Earthquake in the Sichuan Basin, Eastern Tibetan Plateau 47
Yapei Ye and Renqi Lu
4.1 Introduction 48
4.2 Tectonic and Geological Settings 48
4.3 Focal Mechanisms and Seismicity Relocation 50
4.3.1 Focal Mechanisms 50
4.3.2 Seismicity Relocation 52
4.4 The Ambient Stress Field 53
4.5 Geological and Seismic Investigation 53
4.6 Geodetic Observations 54
4.7 Velocity Structures and the Seismic Distribution Characteristics 54
4.8 Discussion and Conclusion 56
4.8.1 Seismogenic Fault of the Luxian Strong Earthquake 56
4.8.2 Seismotectonic Settings of the Southern Sichuan Basin 61
4.8.3 Future Perspectives 62
References 63
5 Gas Emissions Associated with Strong Earthquakes in the Intersection Area of Longmenshan, Xianshuihe and Anninghe Faults, Southwestern China 67
6 Operational Aftershock Forecasting Work for Scientific Investigation Activities of China Earthquake Administration in Recent Years 85
7 Predictability of the May 12, 2008, Wenchuan Earthquake: Insights from the Perspective of ‘Dragon King’ Theory and ‘Nowcasting’ Method 101
8 Nowcasting Earthquakes with QuakeGPT: Methods and First Results 113
9 Falsification of Seismic Hazard Assessment (SHA) by Real Earthquakes: The Design Magnitude Mdesign for Neo-deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA) 139
10 Numerical Investigations and Observations of Waveguide Effects for Multi-layer Fault Damage Zones at Seismogenic Depths 153
11 Detailed Investigation of Seismic Hazardous Areas and Scientific Field Investigation of Earthquakes: A Discussion from the Perspective of Systems Engineering 187
