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A Coursebook on Legal Translation in English

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分句之间的顺序固定,不能随意变动。递进复合句主要用来表示行为主体进一步的法律行为,常用“而且”、“并”、“并且”,“not only…but(also)…”等来引导分句表示各句之间意思的递进关系。如:《中华人民共和国增值税暂行条例》第22条第1款第2项规定“固定业户到外县(市)销售货物或者应税劳务,应当向其机构所在地的主管税务机关申请开具外出经营活动税收管理证明,并向其机构所在地的主管税务机关申报纳税;未开具证明的,应当向销售地或者劳务发生地的主管税务机关申报纳税;未向销售地或者劳务发生地的主管税务机关申报纳税的,由其机构所在地的主管税务机关补征税款。”
5.4目的复合句
目的复合句表达各分句间行为和目的的关系。由于法律的制定和实施都是为了达到某一或某些目的,因而目的复合句成为引出某种行为的目的逻辑关系的表达方式,多采用“为了”、“in order to”、“for the purpose of'’等形式。请看下列例子:
例7:为了保障公民、法人的合法的民事权益,正确调整民事关系,适应社会主义现代化建设事业发展的需要,根据宪法和我国实际情况,总结民事活动的实践经验,制定本法。(《中华人民共和国民法通则》第1条)
例8:We the People of the United States,in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice,insure domestic Tranquility,provide for the common defence,promote the general Welfare,and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity,do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of Americm(Preamble to The Constitution to the United States ofAmerica)
5.5假设复合句
假设复合句表达分句问假设——结果的逻辑关系,即分句中提出一种假设情况,主句中说明该假设变为现实的结果,常用“如果”、“if”等形式。如:中华人民共和国成立以后本法施行以前的行为,如果当时的法律不认为是犯罪的,适用当时的法律;如果当时的法律认为是犯罪的,依照本法总则第四章第八节的规定应当追诉的,按照当时的法律追究刑事责任,但是如果本法不认为是犯罪或者处刑较轻的,适用本法。
(《中华人民共和国刑法》第12条)
法律英语中常见“if”连接的从句结构。如:Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate,shall,before it become a Law,be presented to the President of the United States;If he approves he shall sign it,but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated,who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal。and proceed to reconsider iL If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill,it shall be sent,together with the Objections,to the other House,by which it shall likewise be reconsidered,and if approved by two thirds of that House,it shall become a Law.But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by Yeas and Nays,and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively.
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A Coursebook on Legal Translation in English
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