Table of Contents

Chapter 1 What Is Critical Thinking and Why?
1.1 Introduction to Critical Thinking
1.2 Basic Concepts
1.3 Types of Questions
Exercises 1

Chapter 2 Arguments
2.1 Arguments
2.2 General Features
2.3 Identifying Premises and Conclusions
2.4 Not Premises, Conclusions, or Arguments
Exercises 2

Chapter 3 Deduction
3.1 Deductive Arguments
3.2 Categorical Claim
3.3 Translation into Standard Form （Introduction）
3.4 Two Kinds of Deductive Argument
3.5 Categorical Syllogism
3.6 The Rules Method of Testing for Validity
Exercises 3

Chapter 4 Induction
4.1 Inductive Arguments
4.2 Four Kinds of Inductive Arguments
4.3 Difference Between Deductive Argument and Inductive Arguments
4.4 Deduction, Induction and Unstated Premises
Exercises 4

Chapter 5 Fallacies
5.1 Relevance Fallacies
5.2 Induction Fallacies
5.3 Formal Fallacies
Exercises 5

Chapter 6 Critical Reading
6.1 Introduction to Critical Reading
6.2 Critical Reading Practice
Exercises 6

Chapter 7 Clear Thinking and Critical Thinking
7.1 Vagueness
7.2 Ambiguity
7.3 Generality
7.4 Defining Terms
7.5 Credibility of the Sources
Exercises 7

Chapter 8 Moral Value Reasoning and Argumentation
8.1 Moral Value Reasoning
8.2 Writing an Argumentative Essay
Exercises 8

参考文献
Appendix
Key of Reference

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