Table of Contents

A brief history of tongue diagnosis in China
Chapter 1 Anatomy and physiology of tongue
1.1 Generation and development of tongue
1.2 Anatomy of tongue ;
1.2.1 Mucous layer of tongue
1.2.2 Papillae of tongue
1.2.3 Taste buds of tongue
1.2.4 Muscles of tongue
1.2.5 Lingual nerves
1.2.6 Blood vessels of tongue
1.2.7 Lymph-vessels of tongue
1.2.8 Salivary glands of tongue
1.3 Physiology of tongue
1.4 Relationship between the tongue and the viscera and bowels and the channels and collaterals

Chapter 2 Sense ofinspecting tongue manifestations
2.1 Expression ofthe congenital inherited information and biological characteristics
2.2 Clinical differentiation ofsyndromes and treatment for diseases
2.3 Guide to clinical medication
2.4 Diagnosis ofthe category,change，prognosis and prevention ofdisease

Chapter 3 Methods for inspecting tongue and points for attention
3.1 Basic methods and points for attention
3.1.1 Basic methods for inspecting tongue
3.1.2 Pay attention to inspecting all kinds of pathological changes of tongue
manifestations
3.1.3 Don’t forget to inquire the taste of sense
3.1.4 Li。ght beam is the key problem in the inspection of the tongue manifestations
3.1.5 Judge whether the tongue disease is congenital or manifestation of special
tongue diseases
3.2 Other points for attention
3.2.1 The food and drink factors
3.2.2 The medicine factor
3.2.3 Pay attention to season and environment
3.2.4 Pay attention to physiological situation

Chapter 4 Inspection oftongue manifestations
4.1 Normal tongue manifestations
4.2 Biological characteristics oftongue
4.2.1 Biological characteristics oflingual shape
4.2.2 Biological characteristics oftongue’S texture
4.3 Pathological tongue manifestations
4.3.1 Pathological lingual shapes
4.3.2 Pathological lingual contour
4.3.3 Movement ofpathological tongue
4.3.4 Color ofpathological tongue
4.3.5 Pathological fur oftongue
4.3.6 Pathological vessels and changing parts oftongue

Chapter 5 Tongue manifestations ofcommon TCM syndromes
5.1 Tongue manifestations ofthe eight-principles syndromes
5.1.1 Tongue manifestations of external syndrome
5.1.2 Tongue manifestations ofinternal syndrome
5.1.3 Tongue manifestations ofcold syndrome
5.1.4 Tongue manifestations ofheat syndrome
5.1.5 Tongue manifestations ofdeficiency syndrome
5.1.6 Tongue manifestations ofexcessive syndrome
5.1.7 Tongue manifestations ofyin syndrome
5.1.8 Tongue manifestations ofyang syndrome
5.2 Tongue manifestations ofyin andyang syndromes
5.2.1 Tongue manifestations ofyin deficiency syndrome
5.2.2 Tongue manifestations ofyang deficiency syndrome
5.2.3 Tongue manifestations for the syndrome of flaming up of fire due to y／n deficiency
5.2.4 Tongue manifestations for the syndrome of retention of fluid due to yangdeficiency
5.3 Tongue manifestations for the syndromes ofqi，blood，fluid
5.3.1 Tongue manifestations ofqi deficiency syndrome
……

Chapter 6 Tongue manifestations of common diseases
Chapter 7 Glossopathy related with tongue manifestations
Chapter 8 A brief introduction to objective research methods of tongue diagnosis andthe significance of application
Chapter 9 Research on the tongue diagnosis.
References on the Tongue Diagnostics
References on the tongue diagnosis from 1990 to 2003

Sample Pages Preview

For the people who are in a clear state of the mind and swollen in the tongue and can’t stick out the tongue out of the mouth，it is due to extreme heat of the spleen and stomach，wind and phlegm transformation，and toxin stagnated in the mouth.For the people who are in a confused state of the mind and swollen in the tongue and can't stick out the tongue out of the mouth，it is due to the heart and spleen diseases.The tongue that is yellow and swells the whole mouth is due to the dampness.heat of the stomach and organs that can’t be dispelled.The tongue that is red and swells the whole mouth is due to the virulent heat-evil in the heart and stomach.The tongue that is red and swells outside mouth and not quietly is due to the virulent heat.evil invaded into the heat.If the person is swollen in the tongue and dry in the ears，bleeds unremittingly,and puffy，or swollen in the feet，it implies the kidney is exhausted.If the person is dry in the ears，swollen，smooth，and deep-red in the tongue，and has blood urine and stool，and swollen in the feet，it implies the spleen qi has exhausted.
All in one，the swollen tongue is due to mainly the prevailing virulent heat-evil，and the alcoholic，qi and blood stagnation in the liver and spleen，and the tongue.In clinical practice，the swollen tongue is always seen in the uraemia period of the chronic nephritis，cirrhosis，portal hypertension syndrome or superior vena cava syndrome，serious inflammation of the glossopharyngeum，the tumors on the neck oppressing the jugular veins which affects the back.fow of the blood，and incretopathy,and collagen diseases，etc.
4.Thin and emaciated tongue
The body of tongue turns thin，dry,and emaciated under the pathological factors.It is different from the congenital thin and emaciated tongue.It is indicated in the Guide To The Tongue Differentiation that''The tongue that is shrunken and emaciated indicates the asthenia of the heart and spleen because the muscles of tongue are governed by the heart and spleen.Different colors of the fur indicate different causes.The tongue that is light-red and tender indicates insufficiency of the heart blood.The tongue that is purple or deep-red indicates endogenous heart disturbed wind.The tongue that is dry and deep-red，and even purple and dull just like the color of the pig’s liver indicates blood insufficiency of the heart and liver.The tongue that is dry,shrunken and purple just like the color of the pig’s liver,and has no saliva absolutely indicates the disease can’t be cured.The tongue that is not red，yellow in the middle，dry,and thin of the proper,and without fur indicates the dead syndrome caused by excessive exhausting of sweat，liquid，and blood.”（see Fig.4-6）
An in one.in clinical practice，the tongues that are thin and emaciated are mainly due to the asthenia of qi and blood of the heart and spleen，or consumption of yin-fluid，excessive loss of waters，insufficient nutrition of tongue.The main cause for it is asthenia of qi and blood，yin.asthenia，excessive fire，or the fire injury to the liquid.It is mostly seen in chronic consuming disease.The thin and emaciated tongue is always accompanied by general emaciation in the body of people such as abdominal or tuberculosis.