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In 2024, the international strategic situation continued to undergo profound and complex changes. The world witnessed further transformations and instability, marked by amplified detrimental effects of hegemonism and power politics, protracted and intensified geopolitical conflicts, and repeated attempts to “decouple and sever supply chains”. At the same time, the international distribution of power has become more balanced. The Global South has gained momentum in pursuing strategic autonomy and greater strength through unity, and marched more solidly towards modernization. The trend towards multipolarity is irreversible, and the trajectory of great changes unseen in a century turns more evident. In the face of turbulence and transformation in the international landscape, Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy has increasingly demonstrated its extraordinary theoretical quality of keeping abreast of and leading the times, as well as upholding fundamental principles and breaking new ground. It has been further enriched and developed, in both theory and practice, which leads major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics to new achievements and new responsibilities. This creates a more favorable international environment and lays a more robust strategic foundation for building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects and advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts through the Chinese path to modernization. Moreover, China provides the international community with Chinese solutions to global challenges, contributes valuable stability, certainty, and constructiveness to world peace and development, and effectively charts the course for once-in-a-century changes.
I. Writing a Magnificent New Chapter of Head-of-state Diplomacy in Major-country Diplomacy
President Xi Jinping has personally drawn the blueprint and charted the course for China’s diplomatic efforts. He has been engaged in bilateral and multilateral diplomacy to foster greater international consensus on cooperation around criticalissues such as building a community with a shared future for mankind, contributing to the unity and development of the Global South, maintaining stability in relations with major countries, and promoting peace, development and win-win cooperation.
Over the past year, President Xi Jinping attended three major home-ground diplomatic events, made four important overseas visits, and participated in a series of multilateral summits, advancing the concept and practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind in the context of the international community. These diplomatic engagements include the Conference Marking the 70th Anniversary of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, the opening ceremony of the Ministerial Conference of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC), the meetings of the Council of Heads of States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), the BRICS Summit, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Economic Leaders’ Meeting, and the Group of Twenty (G20) Summit.
President Xi Jinping has underscored the commitment to “five principles” in China’s relations with Russia, enumerated seven pieces of experience and inspiration in addition to three guiding principles for bilateral relations with the United States, and enriched the spirit of establishing diplomatic ties with France with the features of the new era. China has further enhanced the ties with Serbia, elevated the relations with Hungary, and stepped up cooperation with the European Union (EU). President Xi Jinping has also urged greater efforts to build a community with a shared future with Vietnam, Laos and Africa, while reinforcing friendships and partnerships with neighboring and developing countries. He called for more open and inclusive cooperation within the Global South in a collective journey towards modernization, jointly facilitating the modernization of all countries featuring peaceful development, mutually beneficial cooperation, andcommon prosperity.

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