This book provides a chronological record of the major changes that have taken place in the Chinese economy for the past five decades. The first chapter is a summary of the reform objectives and basic processes. However, the market economy is a complex system, and different sectors naturally choose different forms and have different achievements. For this reason, the book devotes eight chapters to such important areas as development of private sector, reform of enterprises, agricultural reform, financial reform, fiscal reform, opening-up strategy, social security system, and macroeconomic policies. The last chapter discusses the critical issues facing the establishment of the market economy and reform in the next stage.