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Classics of Forbidden City: Carpets in the Collection of ..
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Classics of Forbidden City: Carpets in the Collection of the Palace Museum
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Author:
Yuan Hongqi
;
Language:
Chinese
Page:
282
Publication Date:
06/2010
ISBN:
9787800479960
Publisher:
Forbidden City Press
Series:
Classics of Forbidden City
Table of Contents
序言
清代宫廷用毯的历史与艺术
一、古毯溯源
二、清宫用毯来源
三、纹饰与色彩
四、宫中用毯礼俗
五、宫中用毯之节俭
地毯类
一、品类
二、清宫用毯礼俗
炕毯类
一、品类
二、纹饰
三、宫中用毯礼俗
四、宫中用毯情况
壁毯类
一、历史渊源
二、品类及使用情况
三、质地
四、纹饰
其他毯类
一、宝座毯
二、宝座床毯
三、拜毯
四、供桌毯
五、马鞍毯
六、摔跤用毯
七、戏台毯
八、门帘毯
九、蒙古包用毯
技法
一、栽绒毯工艺
二、毛呢毯工艺
图版索引
后记
出版后记
Sample Pages Preview
Preface
中国古毯,长期以来不被我国收藏界重视。在长江以南及中原地区,由于夏季炎热气候湿润、生活习惯等诸多原因,使许多古毯不易流传保存。只有在气候高寒干燥的西北地区,如青海、西藏、内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、宁夏等地,古毯才得以世代相传。经考古发现,收藏在各地博物馆的古毯实物中,最早的为新疆东汉地毯。从现有的地毯实物中可以看出,地毯的生产与编织图案纹样与材料选择,都是和历史的变迁与进步紧密相连的。因其精致的编织技术和图案的富丽堂皇,成为富贵生活与地位的象征。
故宫是明清两代的皇宫,保存着大量的明清宫廷使用的毛织毯。这些具有历史价值和民族风格的艺术品,各方面记载的资料极少。早在五六十年代,故宫织绣科的同仁们曾对丝、麻、毛等文物分门别类的进行过研究,已故研究员陈娟娟女士就曾搜集了大量的毛毯类文物资料,对其编织工艺和染线色彩等进行过研究。
清代是距今最近的一个朝代,清朝皇宫对地毯的大量需求,使盛产毛织毯的甘肃、新疆、宁夏等地的精美毛毯大量进入宫廷。宫廷造办处下也设立专门织毯的作坊,根据宫殿需要编织地毯。宫廷用毯至康熙、乾隆时期达到顶峰,各种毯在编织、着色、纹饰上带有明显的地域特色。故宫博物院现存的各类毯,为清代不同时期在各宫殿内铺设的实用文物,已有数百年的历史,能保留到现在,实为珍贵。但是,清代宫廷用毯属于消耗用品,用旧随时增添更换。一部分使用过的地毯、炕毯、壁毯,经长期踩踏、铺挂,经过紫外线照射,受过不同温湿度的影响。特别是这批毛毯使用后没有经过清洗,毯面被油污、霉渍、虫蛀、尘土浸蚀严重,多处掉毛,脱色,有不同程度的损伤。2000年夏秋之际,宫廷部集中人力对这部分极有历史价值的毛织毯进行吸尘、清洁、保养,做了大量艰苦的工作。清理一块地毯能出一推车尘土,一块地毯需要十几个人才能移动。他们知难而进,对尺寸、纹饰、颜色一一核对。根据实地分析、测量、对比等方法,考证出太和殿宝座台前的“木红地双龙戏珠大地毯”、皇极殿慈禧六十岁生日时铺的“万字纹地毯”等历史信息;同时也探索出清代宫廷地毯使用的规律。
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Classics of Forbidden City: Carpets in the Collection of the Palace Museum
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