The “比” sentence has always been an important and difficult point in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. This book takes nine typical types of “比” sentences as the target of research. Through a scientific and meticulous examination, calculation and analysis, it studies the English and Japanese speakers’ acquisition of “比” sentences from the following aspects: (1) describing their respective processes of acquiring the nine types of “比” sentences; (2) discussing and comparing their respective speech processing strategies for the “比” sentences; (3) theoretically reflecting on issues related to multiple development patterns and second language acquisition based on the research findings. The research shows that English and Japanese speakers demonstrate similar characteristics in acquiring “比” sentences, having basically undergone the same phases and used the same speech processing strategies. This book helps teachers look into the errors students make in using “比” sentences and therefore is a good reference for the practice of teaching Chinese as a foreign language.
About the Author Wang Ruifeng has got his doctorate degree in Linguistics and Applied Linguistics from Peking University and is now an associate professor in the College of Advanced Chinese Training of BLCU. Mr. Wang's research focuses on pedagogy of Chinese as a foreign language, grammar acquisition, and teaching of function words, and has published relevant papers in journals such as Applied Linguistics and Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies.
“不如”型、“不比”型、“没有”型否定比较句的异同李景贤（2000）从句法、语义、语用等三个方面对这三种类型的否定比较句进行了系统考察。认为这三种否定比较句之间在句法形式、含义、使用语境、感情色彩上都有一定的差异。“比”字句的形式上的否定是“不比”句，但二者在意义上并不对称。与“比”字句意义对称的否定形式是“没有”句。“不如”句没有相对应的肯定形式和疑问形式。与“不比”型比较句相比，“没有”型比较句的表达形式更强调A与B之间的差距，而“不如”型比较句又比“没有”型比较句的比较意义更强。“没有”型比较句的语义在于强调当A以B为尺度来衡量比较时，A无法达到B的程度，而且它的语义中心在A上。而“A不如B”具有提建议的意思时，含有在差中选优之义。 蒋静（2003）分析了这三种否定比较句的语义指向以及在主观性上的差异。她认为这三种比较句表达的主观性程度有所不同，“不如”句的主观性强，因此它的比较项多为想法、观点等，句末语气词与标点符号的使用相对“没有（没）”句多一些，多用于描写对话、心理的语境。而“没有（没）”句主观性弱，比较项多为前后文提到的客观事实，句末语气词与标点符号使用相对较少，多用于描写叙述的语境。“不比”句介于这两者的中间。 2.2.3“比”字句的语言类型学研究 自1966年Greenberg的Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements开始，很多学者继承和发展了Greenberg的研究思路进行语言类型学的研究，他们主要通过跨语言比较来发掘语言的普遍特征，并力求找出这些语言特征之间的联系。
A Comparative Study of English and Japanese Speakers' Speech Processing Strategies for the “比” Sentence
