This book was originally written in English by Sun Yat-sen and translated by Liao Zhongkai, talks about the internal development of China which including 6 plans. It is a greatly detailed Industrialization plan designed for China which covered most things in Sun Yat-sens thoughts in industrial revitalization movement. This is a blue-printed plan He designed to build a bourgeois republic country.
Table of Contents
英文目录： PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION i PREFACE vi THE INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA— A PROJECT TO ASSIST THE READJUSTMENT OF POST-BELLUM INDUSTRIES viii PROGRAM I 2 Part I The Great Northern Port 4 Part II The Northwestern Railway System 11 Part III The Colonization of Mongolia and Sinkiang 18 Part IV The Construction of Canals to connect the Inland Waterway Systems of North and Central China with the Great Northern Port 20 Part V The Development of the Iron and Coal Fields in Chihli and Shansi, and the Construction of Iron and Steel Works 23 PROGRAM II 26 Part I The Great Eastern Port 26 Part II The Regulating of the Yangtze River 38 Part III The Construction of River Ports 64 Part IV The Improvement of the Existing Waterways and Canals 76 Part V The Establishment of Large Cement Works 85 PROGRAM III 88 Part I The Improvement of Canton as a World Port 88 Part II The Improvement of the Waterway System of Canton 103 Part III The Construction of the Southwestern Railway System of China 118 Part IV The Construction of Coast Ports and Fishing Harbors 130 Part V The Establishment of Shipbuilding Yards 151 PROGRAM IV 154 Part I The Central Railway System 154 Part II The Southeastern Railway System 174 Part III The Northeastern Railway Systern 184 Part IV The Extension of the Northwestern Railway System 204 Part V The Highland Railway System 220 Part VI The Establishment of Locomotive and Car Factories 234 PROGRAM V 238 Part I The Food Industry 240 Part II The Clothing Industry 248 Part III The Housing Industry 254 Part IV The Motoring Industry 261 Part V The Printing Industry 264 PROGRAM VI 266 Part I The Mining of Iron 267 Part II The Mining of Coal 268 Part III The Mining of Oil 270 Part IV The Mining of Copper 271 Part V The Working of Some Particular Mines 272 Part VI The Manufacture of Mining Machinery 274 Part VII The Establishment of Smelting Plants 274 CONCLUSION 276 APPENDIX I 284 APPENDIX II 298 APPENDIX III 304 APPENDIX IV 306 APPENDIX V 308 APPENDIX VI 310
Preface to Second Edition During the eve of the Manchu Régime1, the first spark of industrialization took place in China in the forms of various state and quasi-state enterprises; railways and steamship lines, iron and steel works and coal mines, arsenals and docks all began to bedeck the Empire but they were soon found toiling under a corrupt and decadent political system. Then came the 1911 Revolution with its almost immediate reverses in the hands of Yuan Shi-kai and his military satellites. It has taken the Kuomintang fully seventeen years to wipe out these reactionaries and establish its undisputed political authority over the whole country. Although much to the sacrifice of our economic progress, we have, in these long years of bitter struggles, achieved a great political revolution; and a new, healthy political order is necessary for proper economic development. How would Nationalist China carry out her program of economic reconstruction and development? This is necessarily a question of world interest. In 1921 my father, the late Dr. Sun Yat-sen, wrote this "International Development of China." It was then his desire that international capital should come to China to develop railroads and highways, river conservancy and irrigation, new ports and modern cities, basic industries and public utilities. The nature of the whole plan, in the words of my father, is a "rough sketch-from a layman's thought with very limited materials at his disposal; alterations and changes will have to be made after scientific investigations and detailed survey." It shows the stupendous requirements to modernize China. It will be the acme of economic rationalization when fully carried out. In its policies of reconstruction and economic development, the Nationalist Government will essentially follow this plan as its supreme guidance. Naturally, working schedules will have to be carefully mapped out in order of the importance and urgency of these different projects. As means of communication are a prime mover to drag a country out of its economic stagnation, construction of sufficient trunk lines of railways with highways serving as their feeders should engage our serious attention at present. In my father's plan, seven great systems of railways are to traverse the whole of China. As North China is comparatively better served with railways at present than South China, special preference should be given to regions in the latter, especially to those places where even proper means of water transportation are lacking. In this respect, some trunk lines of the Southwestern System, which is to cover Kwangsi, Kweichow, Yunnan, southeastern Szechuen, southwestern Hunan and the western half of Kwangtung, should be constructed to tap the rich mineral resources in these regions and to provide rapid means of transport in place of the present tedious travel requiring weeks to reach these inner provinces. Turning back to the north, the Northwestern System is all important to open up Mongolia and Sinkiang and to release the population pressure in China Proper by colonization of these grazing lands and irrigable tracts. As to the existing railways, the completion of the unfinished section of the Canton-Hankow Line and the extension of the Lunghai Line to Lanchow should merit special attention. Then the improvement of the present telegraph system and the extensive introduction of long-distance telephones and wireless service should contribute much in promoting greater efficiency and stronger unity of the national life. Some of the projects have the great advantage of being immediately very profitable. Concerning other parts of my father's plan, that which will directly help agriculture and promote industry should form the complement to the communication program and should be as equally urgent. River conservancy and land irrigation to add more acreage to agriculture, better mobilization of coal resources and proper harnessing of water power to provide cheap motive power for industry; these are the agencies through which national production will be stimulated and increased. Past studies have shown the Hwaiho regulation and Sikiang regulation to be immensely profitable. Possibilities of the North River of Kwangtung for hydroelectric development have also been carefully studied and found to be very attractive. Incidentally, increased national production means greater purchasing power, and that in turn means bigger international trade. Enough have been mentioned to indicate the vast opportunities of profitable investment. To show our readiness to accept foreign capital upon equitable and businesslike terms, we can do no better than to refer again to the words of my father. He tells us that "the Chinese people will welcome the development of our country's resources provided that it can be kept out of Mandarin corruption and ensure the mutual benefit of China and the countries cooperating with us." He further says that "international cooperation of this kind cannot but help to strengthen the Brotherhood of Man." For the realization of the worthy objects of such financing, all necessary safeguards will be granted to the lenders, who should provide us with "organizers, administrators and experts." In other words, we welcome sound business arrangements. Looking over the activities of the international capital market in recent years, we find it has been principally absorbed in the Herculean task of the reconstruction of post-war Europe. Capital did not merely flow passively to openings already safe and lucrative, but, on account of preponderant interests involved, it actually went to put things to order. Now Europe has fully revived, and in some quarters there is even an alarm against American financial imperialism. But New York and London will keep on busy finding outlets for the immense accumulation of wealth in America and England. Hand in hand with financiers, there are also producers of industrial equipments who constantly seek wider and greater markets. As to the China market, what is mostly needed at present is information. Always more Information, better collected and more widely distributed. Finally, let us consider the economic development of China as a world problem. Commenting on the purpose of his book, my father tells us that it is his desire "to contribute my (his) humble part in the realization of the world peace-for the good of the world in general and the Chinese people in particular." The mere thought of the size of China and her population will prompt one to the correct appreciation of the question. I have no doubt that far-sighted and well-meaning statesmen will actively help in solving it. Sun Fo. NANKING, Oct. 6, 1928.
