Table of Contents

Preface
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 Name.Scope and Nature
1.1.1 Name
1.1.2 Scope
1.1.3 Nature
1.2 Definition: A Chinese Approach
1.3 Justification for Private International Law
1.3.1 Justice and Reciprocation
1.3.2 Sovereign Justification
1.3.3 Economic Justification
1.3.4 Chinese Doctrine
1.4 Sources of Private International Law
1.4.1 Domestic Sources
1.4.2 International Sources
1.4.3 Sources of Chinese Private International Law
1.5 Structure and Categories of Conflicts Rules
1.5.1 Structure of Conflicts Rule
1.5.2 Categories

Chapter Two Historical Survey
2.1 European Continental History
2.1.1 Antiquity
2.1.2 Personal Law Period
2.1.3 The Statute Theories
2.1.4 The German Contribution: Seat Theory
2.2 Anglo-American History
2.2.1 English History
2.2.2 American History
2.3 East Asian History
2.3.1 Japanese History
2.3.2 Chinese History

Chapter Three The Subjects of Private Intemational Law
3.1 Natural Persons
3.1.1 Nationality
3.1.2 Domicile
3.2 Legal Persons
3.2.1 Nationality
3.2.2 Domicile
3.2.3 Recognition of Foreign Legal Persons
3.3 States
3.3.1 Characteristics of States as the Subjects of Private International Law
3.3.2 Immunities of States and Their Property
3.4 International organizations
3.4.1 Characteristics of International Organizations as the Subjects of
Private international Law
3.4.2 Privileges and Immunities
3.4.3 Applicable Law

Chapter Four Jurisdiction of Courts in IntemaUonal Civil Litigation
4.1 Basic Theory of Jurisdiction
4.1.1 Definition of Jurisdiction in the Context of Private International Law
4. 1.2 Categories of Jurisdiction
4.1.3 Conflicts of Jurisdiction
4.2 International Civil Jurisdiction in the United States Courts
4.2.1 Types of Civil Jurisdiction in the United States
4.2.2 Bases for Jurisdiction in the United States
4.2.3 Limits on Jurisdiction : Forum non conve_rziens
4.3 International Civil Jurisdiction in Chinese Courts
4.3.1 Overview
4. 3.2 Jurisdiction of the Chinese People' s Courts in International Civil Litigation

Chapter Five General Part of Conflicts Law
5.1 Characterization
5.1.1 The Need for Characterization
5.1.2 Conflict of Characterizations
5.1.3 Application of Law for Characterization
5.1.4 Characterization in Chinese People' s Courts
5.2 Renvoi
5.2.1 Definition
5.2.2 Debate on Renvoi
5.2.3 Application of the Doctrine in Certain Foreign Countries/Regions
5.2.3 Renvoi in Chinese Legislation and Judicial Practice
5.3 Proof of Foreign Law and Evasion of Law
5.3.1 Need for the Proof of Foreign Law
5.3.2 Proof of Foreign Law in Some Foreign Jurisdictions
5.3.3 Proof of Foreign Law in Chinese People' s Courts
5.3.4 Evasion of Law
5.4 Public Order Reservation
5.4.1 Introduction
5.4.2 Legislative Development of the Doctrine of Ordre Public in China
5.4.3 Cases in which the Doctrine is Invoked by the People' s Courts of China
5.4.4 Chinese Scholarship on Ordre Public
5.4.5 Conclusion

Chapter Six Selected Areas of Conflicts Rules
6.1 Capacities
6.1.1 Natural Persons
6.1.2 Legal Persons
6.2 Contracts
6.2.1 Overview
6.2.2 Party Autonomy
6.2.3 Applicable Law in the Absence of Choice
6.3 Torts
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Conflicts Rules in Torts in Certain Foreign Countries
6.3.3 Chinese Conflicts Rules in Torts
6.4 Property
6.4.1 The Distinction in Law between Movables and Immovables
6.4.2 The Law Applicable to Immovables
6.4.3 The Law Applicable to Movables
6.4.4 The Sphere of theLex Situs
6.4.5 Chinese Conflicts Rules in Property
6.5 Family Issues
6.5. t Introduction
6.5.2 Marriage and Divorce
6.5.3 Matrimonial Causes
6.5.4 Conclusion
6.6 Succession
6.6.1 Overview
6.6.2 Legal Succession
6.6.3 Testamentary Succession
6.6.4 Vacant Succession
6.6.5 Chinese Legislation and Practice

Chapter Seven Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
7.1 General Observations
7.1.1 Definitions
7.1.2 Theoretical Basis for Recognition and Enforcement
7.1.3 Conditions of Recognition and Enforcement
7.1.4 Enforcement Procedures of Recognized Foreign Judgments
7.2 Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in China
7.2.1 Domestic Rules Regarding Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
7.2.2 International Treaties and Bilateral Agreements

Chapter Eight Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
8.1 Characteristics of International Commercial Arbitration
8.1.1 Overview
8.1.2 The Meaning of "International" and "Commercial"
8.2 Basic Theory of Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards
8.2.1 Distinction between Recognition and Enforcement
8.2.2 Place of Recognition and Enforcement
8.2.3 Consequences of Refusal of Recognition and Enforcement
8.3 The Regime for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards in China
8.3.1 The New York Convention in China
8.3.2 Chinese Domestic Law on Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Awards

Chapter Nine China's Codification of Conflicts Law Latest Development
9.1 A Brief Summary of the Draft
9.2 Comments on the Important Issues of the Draft
9.2.1 General Provisions
9.2.2 Civil Parties
9.2.3 Family Relationships
9.2.4 Succession
9.2.5 Property or Real Rights
9.2.6 tntetlectual Property
9.2.7 Contracts
……
Selected Bibliography
Annexes

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~open to criticism in that it can lead to confusion with public international law and does notproperly reflect the fact that the subject embraces the difficulties that arise when one stateincludes more than one jurisdiction, such as China and the United States. Likewise, thelatter is misleading in that the entire object of the subject is to promote harmony rather thanconflict between the different legal systems of the world.if） Nevertheless, the author submits that as both titles have long been used throughout theworld and as nobody has found a better one, it hardly seems worthwhile to devote furtherthought to this merely terminological issue.For this reason, the two terms are usedalternatively in this book without actual difference in meaning.@ 1.1.2 Scope The scope of private international law is another issue that invites debate, and thefollowing discussion is a tentative description of the different arguments on this issue fromthe perspective of comparative law. 1. Common Law Approach In common law countries, conflict of laws, or private international law, is a body ofrules designed to determine whether domestic or foreign law is to be applied when adomestic court is faced with a claim that contains a foreign element.~~ The peculiarity ofprivate international law in common law doctrines is that it has no material content, in thesense that it does not provide any immediate solution to a particular dispute, but merelyindicates the legal system which is competent to provide the rules to be applied.~

Preface
This book has been long in gestation. Originally conceived as a book for the students ofChina University of Political Science and Law （CUPL） who attend my private internationallaw class taught in English, it has developed to a significant deeper study. It is now a workthat is hoped to be of great interest to both foreign conflicts and comparative scholarsinterested in Chinese private international law and Chinese scholars and students who areexpecting to deepen their understanding of private international law from the perspective ofcomparative law.
As we know, private international law aspires to provide solutions to disputes thathave legal implications involving more than one sovereign. It three questions thatusually occur in international civil and commercial disputes, namely, （1） jurisdiction （willa court of a particular state or nation take the case？）, （2） choice of law （what law will thecourt apply if it does take the case ）, and （3） recognition and enforcement of foreignjudgments （can other states and nations be expected to honor the judicial determinations ofthe court that decided the dispute？）.