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Chinese Ancient Architecture Decoration: Beauty of Gates
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Chinese Ancient Architecture Decoration: Beauty of Gates
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Author:
Lou Qingxi
;
Language:
Chinese
Format:
23 x 17.1 x 2 cm
Page:
268
Publication Date:
04/2011
ISBN:
9787302249733,7302249733
Publisher:
Tsinghua University Press
Series:
Chinese Ancient Architecture Decoration
Table of Contents
概述
第一章 城之门
城门历史
城门形制
城门实例
一、北京城门历史
二、北京城门形制
城门艺术
第二章 宫之门
北京紫禁城之宫门
一、午门
二、太和门
三、乾清门
四、各种院门
五、随墙门
皇陵之门
一、 明陵
二、清陵
皇园之门
一、园门
二、景区门
三、建筑群组之门
四、牌楼门
第三章 庙堂之门
宗教建筑之门
一、佛寺门
二、道教寺观门
三、伊斯兰教寺门
名人和神仙的庙堂门
一、孔庙
二、关帝庙
三、神庙
祠堂门
一、院墙门
二、屋宇式门
三、牌楼式门
第四章 宅第之门
北京四合院住宅大门
一、王府大门
二、广亮大门
三、金柱大门和蛮子门
四、随墙门
五、内院门
山西四合院住宅大门
安徽徽州地区的住宅大门
一、门头
二、门脸
第五章 大门装饰
门扇
门框
门上附加装饰
一、门神
二、门联
三、门上祈福物
四、门上辟邪物
五、门上应时装饰
图片目录
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在前面各章、节的论述中,我们所见到的城门、宫门、庙门、宅门,它们的形态最初都决定于实际的物质功能,但在长期不断的建造中,都有了不同程度的装饰作用。
北京天安门和地安门都是明、清两代都城中皇城的大门,天安门在南面,地安门在北面,由于在中国的风水学中,建筑群坐北而南向被认为是最好、最吉利的朝向,因此朝南的天安门成为皇城东、西、南、北四座城门中最重要的一座,它的形象是一座九开间的大殿坐落在高高的城墙之上,而北面的地安门只是一座七开间的建筑置于地面上,两者差别很大。而且天安门除本身形象之宏大外,在城楼之前还有金水河一道,石桥五座,桥前左右立有华表、石狮等陈设,更增添了这座城门的气势。可以说,天安门从本身的形象到门前门后的各类陈设都是经过装饰的。
一座紫禁城,从城前城后的午门、神武门,从前宫、后寝的太和门和乾清门,到各组建筑群体的院门、随墙门,它们的体量有大有小,屋顶有不同的式样,台基有高有低,乃至门窗彩画都有不同的形态与花样,所有这些从整体造型到局部处理都可以说是一种装饰的手段。
在大量寺庙、住宅的大门中,我们更看到了各种形态的院门和宅门,它们有木制和石造的牌楼门,有砖雕的、灰塑的各种门头与门脸,古代工匠在这些大门的装饰上展示出他们高超的技艺与智慧。现在,我们将目光集中到这些大门的门本身上来。北京的正阳门、天安门、午门属于城楼式大门,紫禁城的太和门、乾清门和颐和园的东宫门、排云门属殿式大门,北京四合院的广亮式门、金柱式门属屋宇式门,而一般祠堂、住宅开设在墙上的门属于院墙式大门。不论什么形式和类别的大门,它们的物质功能都是供人们出入建筑群体,而真正供人们通行的只是这些大门的一个局部,这就是有门扇可以开关的门洞。为了避免与城门、宫门、庙门、宅门相混淆,我们将可以通行的门洞称为“门本身”。门本身由门扇与门框两部分组成。
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