a reading of a written Chinese word derived from a synonym (typically, a vernacular synonym) (e.g. in Mandarin, 投子 may be pronounced as its synonym 色子 , and in Wu dialects, 二 is pronounced as its synonym 两 "liahn"); to pronounce a word using such a reading; (Japanese linguistics) kun-reading, a pronunciation of a kanji derived from a native Japanese word that matches its meaning rather than from the pronunciation of the character in a Sinitic language at the time it was imported from China (Note: A kun-reading of a character is distinguished from its on-reading(s) 音读 . For example, 山 has a kun-reading "yama" and an on-reading "san".)