| 1 | Different from the other condemnation novels of the Qing dynasty, Liu E didn t criticize those corrupt but so-called honest and upright officials. | |
| 2 | By comparing with those works, which expose the evils of incorruptible officials , the article affirms the unique achievement of incorruptible officials which Liu-e has created. | |
| 3 | This paper gives a brief analysis of Liu Er's life and achievements, dividing his life into six periods, and examines the teacher-student relationship and relative problems. |
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