| 1 | The consciousness of hardship was the self-knowledge to the scholar-bureaucrats in feudal society. | |
| 2 | With the arrival of missionaries in China in late Ming period, Chinese literati began to learn European science and religion. | |
| 3 | The clan of the Consorts and the literati and officialdom fought bitterly against the practice and took relevant counter measures. | |
| 4 | These were resulted owing to the political situation and the personality of the scholar-bureaucrats in the ancient times. | |
| 5 | With the reinforcement of an ancient Chinas special ethics morality, the scholar-officials in the Han Dynasty are increasingly conscious of their loyalty to their emperors. |
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