The existence of a huge market with minimum trade barriers has been the principal appeal since the integration process began more than six decades ago, and that benefit has grown with time.

But the authors seem to underestimate the potency of rising digital barriers.

However, almost all of these are owned at least in part by the government and benefit from protective barriers in their home market.

During that time, however, WTO members have not adjusted the maximum levels of tariffs and other barriers that they can maintain on goods and services.

Reducing barriers preventing women from working in certain sectors would lower the productivity gap between male and female workers by a third to one half across a range of countries.