1 | One casualty of this has been the reputation of the Republic' s leader, Chiang Kai-shek. | |
2 | Kidnapping and torture became tools to gather intelligence and root out Chiang' s enemies and the communists. | |
3 | After their experience with Chiang, the party felt it essential to train a Red Army of their own. | |
4 | In 1921, while "living off the land" in Shanghai, he met Chiang Kai-shek and ran errands for him. | |
5 | Permeating the mix was Chiang' s personal espionage apparatus of secret intelligence organizations that he let fight among themselves for funds and authority. |