| 1 | One called TNA replaces RNA' s ribose sugar with a sugar called threose. | |
| 2 | Many research teams have been striving to determine the structure of a eukaryote ribosome (see 'Structures of desire'). | |
| 3 | During translation, RNA is moved along the ribosome as it switches between two states: ratcheted and non-ratcheted. | |
| 4 | The hope is that understanding the ribosome's structure will lead to a deeper understanding of the basic biology by which the ribosome makes proteins. | |
| 5 | They then used "very fast and very gentle" purification techniques to obtain ribosome crystals, from which they worked out the structure with X-rays. |
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