| 1 | During negotiations in 1854 with Perry, Manjiro acted as aninterpreter. | |
| 2 | The Tokugawa shogunate arose after over a century of civil war. | |
| 3 | 1868 - Meiji Restoration in Japan: The Tokugawa shogunate is abolished. | |
| 4 | Two decades later the despoticfeudalism of the Tokugawa shogunate was under greater strain. | |
| 5 | The aim of sakoku policy carried out by the shogunate at Edo was but to eradicate the incoming of Catholicism. |