| 1 | Junior officials or ordinary people were not allowed to use them. | |
| 2 | Qian was the son of a government official, born in the city of Hangzhou in the coastal province of Zhejiang. | |
| 3 | Historically, the elite government officials are generally people with bound volumes of the family tree. | |
| 4 | Especially in Ming and Qing dynasties, quite a few government officers constructed their luxurious houses here. | |
| 5 | Dumu was born in a strongly culture-flavored family which had produced generations of government officials. |