| 1 | Tonkin and Cochin China. It was ruled by China from111 b. c. until a. d. 939 and came under French control in the19th century. | |
| 2 | The Song Dynasty was so weak and the ruler belittled armed forces that the ancient China feudal dynasty couldn't rule Jiaozhi efficaciously . | |
| 3 | 两汉中央王朝之所以能够始终维持对这一地区稳固的郡县统治，不仅因为她于此实施有效的行政管理、合理经营，也与通过各种途径徙居交趾的内地移民有着重大的关系。 The stable ruling by the central royal court in this area was not only contributed by the effective administration and appropriate management, but also by the inland migrants to Jiao-zhi. |
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