| 1 | The situation at the moment is not as bad as it was at the end of the Permian. | |
| 2 | The die-off was surpassed only by the gargantuan Permian extinction 250 million years ago. | |
| 3 | Ammonoids, with their tightly coiled, spiral shells, are also widespread in the Permian fossil record. | |
| 4 | Each sampling site spanned the mass extinction 252 million years ago at the end of the Permian period. | |
| 5 | The loss of so many species at the end of the Permian gave new creatures the chance to take their place. |
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