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Selected Works of Modern Chinese Learning: Village and Town Life in China

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Table of Contents
PREFACE
PART Ⅰ
THE INTERNAL WORKING OF A CHINESE VILLAGE THE POLITICAL POSITION OF THE VILLAGE WITHIN THE EMPIRE
THE ANCESTRAL HALL
THE VILLAGE TEMPLE
PART Ⅱ
THE TOWN ADMINISTRATION
THE TOWN ADMINISTRATION
SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS
THE TOWN LIFE
THE POPULAR ASPECT OF CHINESE BUDDHISM
THE POPULAR ASPECT OF CHINESE BUDDHISM (continued)
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Again, the village elders and literati, who are at the same time officers of the temple, are recognized by officials of the central government. These and the Chi—yuen are the connecting links, in some cases extremely weak indeedj between the village and the central government. In a word, externally the village temple represents the government of the village. It enters into complicated relations both hostile and friendly for the village. It is responsible for the conduct of the villagers to outsiders. It is also nominally responsible to the central government for the good government of the village.
But the chief importance of the village temple lies in.the part it plays in the internal life of the village. Although the rfiction of a corporation with its perpetual succession and common seal is unknown to the Chinese villager, yet the Chinese village temple is not unlike an English municipal corporation. It enjoys a perpetual existence. It acts through officers, who are annually elected, It owns property. It can buy and sell and enter into contracts. I have compared it above to the English town hall. In many respects, however,  it resembles the English county council. It has about the same sort of administrative functions, such as education (if not already taken up by the ancestral halls), police, repairs of roads, etc.
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Selected Works of Modern Chinese Learning: Village and Town Life in China
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